Study on the effect of early pregnancy nutrition (aipregangfang 1) on the prevention of birth defects
Zhang Huifang 1, Yang ailing 2
(1. Taiyuan Central Hospital; 2. Weifang Medical College)
Abstract: nutrition plays a key role in the pathogenic factors of birth defects. Vitamin group, especially folic acid, plays an important role in the prevention of birth defects in early pregnancy. In addition, trace elements such as magnesium, iron and zinc can not be ignored. In addition to the vitamins and minerals needed by pregnant women and foetuses, the multi-dimensional mineral supplement in the first section of aipregangfang can prevent or relieve the early pregnancy reaction symptoms such as nausea, morning sickness, fatigue and anorexia, effectively prevent the birth defects of foetuses, and promote the physical and mental development of foetuses.
Key words: early pregnancy nutrients; birth defects; prevention; love pregnancy workshop section 1
On the causes of birth defects
Birth defects, also known as congenital malformations, refer to the abnormal body structure, function or metabolism during the development of the fetus. Around the world, 7.9 million birth defects are born every year, accounting for 6% of all live births. Birth defects are the main causes of fetal abortion, neonatal death and late disability [1,2]. In China, the overall incidence of birth defects is about 5.6%, which shows an upward trend, and is now the second leading cause of death of children in China [3]. Studies have shown that the hyperhomocysteinemia caused by folic acid deficiency may be the pathological basis of birth defects such as neural tube defect, congenital heart disease, congenital cleft lip and alligator [4,5].
There are two main reasons for birth defects, one is genetic factors accounting for 25%, the other is environmental factors accounting for 10%, and most of them are the result of the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors, and the interaction and unknown reasons of these two factors account for 65% [6].
Genetic factors include monogenic diseases (such as short finger syndrome, β - thalassemia, albinism, color blindness, hemophilia, hereditary chronic nephritis, achondroplasia, etc.), polygenic diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, schizophrenia, and chromosomal aberration), and chromosomal diseases (such as trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13).
Environmental factors include biological factors, chemical factors, physical factors and drug factors. Viruses, bacteria, parasites and other pathogens can infect the fetus through the placenta or uterus, resulting in birth defects. Exposure to lead, benzene, mercury and carbon disulfide may cause poisoning of women and infants. Radiation can cause chromosomal aberrations and lead to fetal malformations. The impact of noise can not be ignored. Most antineoplastics, antibiotics, sedatives, antipyretics, analgesics, antibiotics and most antituberculosis drugs, hormones and live vaccines are at risk of teratogenesis in early pregnancy. The incidence of birth defects in the circulatory and respiratory system of the population using chlorine insecticides was higher than that of the population not using chlorine insecticides in the same area.
The role of nutritional factors is crucial. Malnutrition during pregnancy can directly affect the development of fetal brain cells, resulting in neurological and intellectual development disorders. Low birth weight and premature infants may be accompanied by congenital malformations. Lack of folate in food can cause intrauterine growth retardation and high incidence of fetal neural tube malformation, even spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. Zinc deficiency during pregnancy may affect the development of fetus, or form congenital malformation of central nervous system, or bone dysplasia, small eyes, hydrocephalus, encephalocele, aortic stenosis, brittle increase of fetal skin, weight loss, congenital heart disease, hypospadias, multiple malformations and renal malformations. The lack of calcium and VD in the mother will lead to the abnormal development of fetal bones and teeth, and even cause fetal rickets. Deficiency or excess of VA can cause congenital malformation of fetus. Serious lack of pregnancy can lead to anophthalmos and microcephaly. If the maternal VB1 is insufficient, it is easy to cause stillbirth, premature delivery and fetal dysplasia. The deficiency of VB2 will reduce the level of glycogen, protein, DNA and RNA in embryo and cause teratogenesis. Iron deficiency in pregnant women can lead to hypohemoglobin anemia in offspring, and severe iron deficiency can lead to cleft lip and palate. Deficiency of VE can cause neural tube malformation and habitual abortion [6].
In addition, bad habits and psychological factors can not be ignored. The risk of fetal malformation is very high after drinking a lot of alcohol, which is characterized by growth retardation and microcephaly; smoking can cause abortion, premature delivery, congenital heart disease and low birth weight. Excessive intake of caffeine by the mother will cause intrauterine growth retardation or cardiovascular malformation of the newborn. Maternal drug abuse has mutagenic effect on fetal lymphocyte. If pregnant women suffer sudden psychological shock in early pregnancy, it may lead to fetal skull deformity and heart structural defects.
2 Introduction to the products of the first stage of aiyunfang
2.1 raw materials
Calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, ferrous fumarate, zinc gluconate, retinyl acetate, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, niacin, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid, calcium d-pantothenate
2.2 suitable population
Pregnant women who need to supplement calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc VA, VB1, VB2, VB6, niacin, folic acid, VC, pantothenic acid, etc.
[16] Lu Qinggui. Relationship between nutritional status and adiponectin level during pregnancy and the effect of adiponectin level on fetal growth and development [D]. Southern Medical University, 2013
3 The effect of Ai Yun Fang 1 on the prevention of birth defects
Yang Linping et al. [7] believed that the health care and early intervention in pregnancy should start before pregnancy or when early pregnancy is determined. Chen Shanchang et al [8] pointed out that pregnant women's lack of blood magnesium is easy to cause uterine contraction and lead to abortion, and prone to fetal malformation, premature delivery or death. Iron deficiency of pregnant women can lead to congenital iron deficiency of newborn, directly affect the metabolism of fetal and newborn red blood cells, and lead to chronic hypoxia and growth disorders of fetus and newborn. Iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia of pregnant women. Zinc deficiency of pregnant women will be harmful to the growth and development of the fetus, which may lead to fetal growth retardation, abortion, premature delivery, deformity, etc. [9]. VA can maintain normal visual function, maintain the health of epithelial cells, and promote growth and reproduction. Lack of VA in pregnant women can lead to night blindness, premature delivery and fetal malformation. The investigation shows that the intake of VA in early pregnancy is seriously insufficient [10]. The incidence of fetal growth retardation, postnatal heart failure, psychomotor abnormalities and congenital defects in pregnant women with thiamine (VB1) deficiency was significantly increased. Adequate thiamine supplementation can rapidly improve clinical symptoms and restore normal organ structure [11]. The lack of VB2 in the early stage of pregnant women will cause angular stomatitis, glossitis and cheilitis, affect the development of fetal nerves, and cause nervous system deformity [12]. VB6 can greatly reduce the nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue and other early pregnancy reactions of pregnant women [13], but it should not be used as a common antiemetic, which can often lead to fetal dependence on it; the lack of VB6 can lead to neonatal convulsion, premature delivery or even stillbirth. Folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age can reduce fetal neural tube malformations such as cleft lip and palate, reduce pregnancy complications such as premature delivery, low birth weight, induced labor, stillbirth, pregnancy induced hypertension, etc., improve pregnancy outcomes such as fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, good prognosis of mother and infant, which is worthy of clinical promotion [14]. Mao Baohong, Qiu Weitao, Wang Yanxia et al. [15] found that women of childbearing age should supplement folic acid properly before and during pregnancy, and increase dietary folic acid intake before pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of birth defects. American nutritionists kubara and Katz have found that VC can promote the healthy development of the fetus, help pregnant women better absorb iron and calcium, promote the development of teeth and bones of the fetus, avoid anemia and prevent tooth heel bleeding. In addition, VC is related to the development of fetal intelligence. Adequate intake of VC can improve the sensitivity of fetal brain function and promote the development of fetal intelligence. The intake of niacin in pregnant women was positively correlated with the level of umbilical adiponectin, which had an effect on the growth and development of fetus: the level of umbilical adiponectin was positively correlated with the birth weight and length of fetus [16]. Experts pointed out that pantothenic acid can help the formation of cells, maintain normal development and the development of central nervous system; prevent fatigue, relieve anorexia and nausea; have the function of making antibodies, help to resist infectious diseases, alleviate the side effects and toxicity of antibiotics, and help reduce allergic symptoms.
It is not difficult to find out from the above that the multi-dimensional mineral supplement of the first segment of the Enfamil nutrition supplement can prevent or alleviate the early pregnancy reaction symptoms such as nausea, morning sickness, fatigue, anorexia, timely supplement the vitamins and minerals required by the pregnant women and the fetus, prevent the birth defects of the fetus, and promote the physical and mental development of the fetus, which is the ideal health food for the early pregnancy of the pregnant women.
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